SOD2 and renal carcinoma: HIF-1α-dependent inhibition of SOD2 transcription has been shown in renal clear cell carcinoma [74].The renal carcinoma a cell line RCC4, with constitutive expression of HIF-1, had low SOD2 expression, but this was reversed when the expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL), an E3 ligase involved in HIF-1α degradation, was restored.