NOX5 and atherosclerosis: Finally, NOX-5 was found to be upregulated in atherosclerosis in the endothelium in the early lesions and in VSMC in the advanced coronary lesions [37] and more recently, NOX-5 was found in human monocytes and macrophages and in macrophage-rich areas within human carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques [38].