For 64 patients (34 MGUS and 30 MM), we quantified in blood serum the level of 40 cytokines and 2 soluble cytokine receptors [IL-1 receptor α (IL-1Rα), IL-2Rα] linked to inflammation and, for certain molecules [interferon (IFN) α2, IFN-γ, eotaxin, IL-17, IL-22, IL-26, and IL-33] to anti-viral or anti-microbial immune responses (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene IL26 and Miyoshi myopathy.