TNF and cholestasis: With respect to HPC activation, the TNFα antagonist Infliximab could inhibit HPC activation and fibrosis in both a mouse model of steatosis and cholestasis.43 However, while early clinical trials with alcoholic hepatitis patients have shown promising results with the single treatment with Infliximab,44, 45 randomised trials using either IFX or Etanercept (soluble TNF receptor) were disappointing.46, 47