PIK3CA and cancer: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a key signal transduction system that on activation cause the activation of AKT and other downstream pathways.51 This signaling pathway has been reported to have a role in different cellular processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.52,53 Several studies have declared that many of the components of this pathway are altered, including activation of growth factor receptor, PIK3CA or AKT amplification or mutation, and PTEN loss of function in common human cancers.54, -56