Former studies investigating the potential role of TREM-1 in cancer have either correlated the in situ expression of TREM-1 with clinicopathological data27,48–50, employed in vitro co-cultures of cancer cells with macrophages27,41, or have interfered with TREM-1-mediated signaling using in vivo tumor models16,28,29. This evidence concerns the gene TREM1 and cancer.