TGFB1 and Stroke: Among the cytokines known to be associated with inflammation in stroke [45], interleukin-1 (IL-1) and TNF-α were reported to aggravate cerebral injury; in contrast, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were shown to be neuroprotective [46].