IL1B and injury: Indeed, artemisinin was suggested to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, leading to a synchronous decline of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels (Zhao D. et al., 2017).