BIRC3 and cancer: This approach is not well suited to identify haploinsufficient tumour suppressors or tumour suppressors showing mainly recurrent point mutations combined with copy number losses of the other allele, as discussed above for VHL. However, both our study (on 2218 cancers) and the Zack et al. study on a larger number of cases (4934) identify the same 13 known tumour suppressors (we additionally identify TET1 and BIRC3), suggesting our focused approach is competitive at identifying tumour suppressors.