Indeed, we found that PAFR enhanced HMGB1 promotes the assembling of autophagy core complex by reducing the Bcl-2/beclin1 interaction in CSE treated neutrophils, suggesting that PAFR-HMGB1-Bcl-2-beclin1 pathway mediated the autophagy induction in CS exposed neutrophils, which contribute to the development of COPD. The gene discussed is PTAFR; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.