TNF and prostate cancer: Although there was no significant change in COX-2 mRNA and protein levels (Figure 4A and 4B), ANXA5 overexpression inhibited COX-2 expression when cells were treated with TNF-α (20 ng/mL), which is known to induce COX-2 mRNA expression in various prostate cancer cells, including PC-3, LNCaP-LN3, and DU145 [34].