This publication discusses the role of PAPP-A in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through its inhibition of liver X receptors α (LXRα) through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-mediated signalling pathway, and negative regulation of expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes—all significantly associated with AD [94]. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.