ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Most types are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, but the identification of genomic abnormalities in subpopulations of NSCLC patients [19–22] have led to the development of protein kinase inhibitors against EGFR [23, 24] (gefitinib, 2003; erlotinib, 2004; afatinib, 2013) and ALK (crizotinib, 2011; ceritinib, 2014; alectinib, 2015), see Fig. 1.