ANXA1 and Abnormal renal physiology: The main conceptually novel findings of this study are: (1) Anxa1−/− mice challenged with STZ developed a more severe diabetic phenotype and more severe systolic cardiac and renal dysfunction compared with diabetic WT mice; (2) prophylactic treatment of diabetic mice with hrANXA1 did not prevent the development of a diabetic phenotype but attenuated the development of both cardiac and renal dysfunction; and (3) therapeutic administration of hrANXA1 (after both cardiac and renal dysfunction had developed) halted the progression of both cardiac and renal dysfunction seen in diabetic WT mice.