CXCL5 and Helicobacter pylori infectious disease: In order to characterize the inflammatory response across the infection, we analyzed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, CXCL5, and CXCL15 (Figure 5), reported to be up-regulated upon Helicobacter infection in different studies (Schmitz et al., 2007; Figueiredo et al., 2014).