TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For the six selected herbs, either themselves or the ingredients were reported to be effective in obesity, IR, dyslipidemia, or NAFLD. Coix lacryma-jobi has effects on obesity and hyperlipidemia through modulating TNF-alpha and leptin [18], and Oryza sativa decreases hepatic fat accumulation, hyperlipidemia [19], and hepatic steatosis [20].