Neutrophils aid tumor progression and resistance to conventional anticancer treatments by mediating angiogenesis and suppression of CD8+ TIL-mediated antitumor immunity via secretion of inhibitory factors, e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (ARG1), and transforming-growth-factor beta (TGFβ) (15–17). This evidence concerns the gene NOS2 and neoplasm.