HLA-C and neoplasm: The advantages of CAR mediated targeting include: (1) the provision of activation, proliferation, and survival signals in-cis via a single binding event, compared to the natural, non-integrated TCR and costimulatory signaling; (2) the ability to bypass the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by tumor cells through MHC-independent antigen recognition; and (3) a reduced activation threshold as well as recognition of tumor cells with low antigen density enabled by the high affinity interaction between CAR and antigen3,4.