NFKB1 and MALT lymphoma: In our series of HP-positive gastric MALT lymphomas (data not shown), the pivotal role of BCL10 or NF-κB in HP-independent growth27,50,86,87 was demonstrated by the finding that two cases with t(11;18)(q21;q21) but lacking both nuclear expression of BCL10 and NF-κB responded well to HPE (Supplementary Fig. 1)87,88.