We performed array CGH analysis and found a distinct amplification of chromosome 8 between the FGFR1 and PLAG1 loci, consistent with ring chromosome formation, r(8)(p12q12.1), in all seven MECA ex-PAs positive for FGFR1-PLAG1 (Supplementary Fig. 15). The gene discussed is PLAG1; the disease is gonorrhea.