DNAJC5 and infection: In fact, following the first report of a natural infection of P. simium in a human being [5], the identity between P. simium and P. vivax has been established many times: (1) by studies regarding the CSP protein in the early 1990s [6], (2) by phylogenetic analyses based on sequencing of the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial genome [7], (3) by microsatellite polymorphisms [8], (4) again by CSP variations [9], and (5) by Msp-1 gene sequencing [10].