To determine whether the ESCRT-II complex proteins are involved in innate immune response to viral infections, we studied the impact of depleting each subunit, i.e., EAP20, EAP30 and EAP45, on induction of innate immune genes following stimulation by poly(I:C) or infection with Sendai virus (SeV), well-characterized inducers for TLR3 and RIG-I signaling pathways, respectively [4, 9, 28]. The gene discussed is VPS36; the disease is viral infectious disease.