MTOR and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma: The literature was imported from PubMed and Scopus data base by the search terms “mTOR inhibitor and RCC”, “MAPK inhibitor and RCC”, “combination of mTOR and MAPKs inhibitors”, “renal cell carcinoma and clinical trial”, etc. Around 500 relevant papers were reviewed in which only the most relevant reports were considered.