PTEN and cervical carcinoma: Studies have also implicated a number of somatic mutations, including TP53, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) [17,18], and several CNAs in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinomas [19,20] in non-Mexican Americans.