We conclude that although classical DAMPs such as HMGB1 and calprotectin are elevated in HFrEF patients, they do not track with NYHA class, and therefore are not likely to explain the increased levels of inflammatory mediators observed in HF, nor are these DAMPs as accurate for diagnosing HF as traditional markers of cell injury, such as troponin T. Here, HMGB1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.