LDHA and cancer: Pyruvate kinase isoform M2 promotes transactivation of Hif-1α responsive genes by participating in the assembly of a nuclear multiprotein complex consisting of PKM2, PHD3, p300, and Hif-1α (23) stimulating upregulation of proglycolytic genes such as glut1, ldha, and pdk1 in both cancer cells and in primary macrophages (11, 20).