MAP3K5 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The recent demonstration of the protective function shown by astroglial TNFR1 through the production of GDNF [40] in an ALS mouse model and the neurotoxic activity of TNFR2 carried by astrocytes and neurons [39] mediated by the ASK1/p38MAPK pathway suggests that a future targeted therapeutic strategy should selectively potentiate the TNFR1 response and antagonize TNFR2 or its downstream signaling, in a cell-specific manner.