TNFRSF1A and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In fact, we found significant upregulation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 transcripts in the homogenate of the lumbar spinal cord from ALS patients compared to nonneurological controls, and this correlated with an increased immunoreactivity of both receptors in the reactive astrocytes and dystrophic microglial cells (Figure 2).