Increased IL-1β production was reduced by treatment of cmo bone marrow with a serine protease inhibitor (diisopropylfluorophosphate) but not with the pan-caspase-1 inhibitor z-YVAD-fmk [60], suggesting the involvement of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of cmo. Findings were confirmed by Lukens et al. [61••], who additionally showed that pharmacological depletion of neutrophils with the monoclonal antibody anti-Ly6G protected cmo mice from CNO [63•]. Here, IL1B is linked to chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.