Conversely, monocytes from CRMO patients express increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα; Fig. 4b) and chemokines (IL-8, Interferon gamma-induced protein 10: IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, MIP-1a, MIP-1b; Fig. 4c, d) in most cases already under resting conditions. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.