Single Lgr5+ cells were sorted from CCL4-treated Lgr5-GFP mice at day 5 after CCL4 treatment, and then infected with the adenovirus encoding Cas9 and Lgr5 gRNA (Ad-Lgr5 gRNA) or control nonsense gRNA (Ad-Ctrl gRNA); the Lgr5 protein and mRNA expression were decreased at 72 h after adenovirus infection (Supplementary Fig. 11b). Here, CCL4 is linked to adenoviridae infectious disease.