We previously reported that the treatment of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Hep3B with GA or high doses of fructose resulted in the accumulation of GA-AGEs in these cells, and also identified heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) or heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) as a GA-AGE-modified protein19,20. Here, HSPA8 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.