These lysates contain several known antigens, such as MUC1 and mesothelin, as well as a spectrum of unidentified antigens expressed in cancer and stromal cells, potentially eliciting a broad range of anti-PDAC immune responses.[19] Accordingly, the generation of cancer vaccines from human PDAC tumor lysates engineered to express α-gal epitopes could enhance the immunogenicity of a broad spectrum of PDAC-associated antigens. This evidence concerns the gene MSLN and neoplasm.