Lower SHBG levels have been widely associated with a higher risk of metabolic conditions, including diabetes, cholesterolemia, and obesity, and with adverse changes in fasting insulin, glucose, and BMI (Bhasin et al., 2011; Caldwell & Jirikowski, 2009; Laaksonen et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.