CD4 and cervical carcinoma: Regarding CD4+ effector T cells, other, CD95-independent, pathways mediated by Tregs to negatively regulate their activity are supposed to be more important [2], including those mediated by TGFβ, a cytokine secreted both by Tregs and cervical cancer cells [34] (as indicated above, female patients involved in our study had higher level of serum TGFβ than the controls).