An important finding of the present study is that sCRT39-272 could act directly upon IMCs via TLR4, leading to (i) increased expression of S100A8/9; (ii) reduced maturation/differentiation into DCs or macrophages; (iii) selective MDSC chemotactaxis; and (iv) apoptosis inhibition, all of which help accumulation of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment (Figure 6). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is neoplasm.