No significant difference was observed between TB cases and LTBI subjects in the proportions of Vγ9δ2 T cells producing either IFN-γ or IL-17 alone; however, a significantly lower proportion of CD3loγδTCR+IFN-γ+IL-17+ cells was seen in TB cases compared to LTBI (median [IQR] = 0.03% [0.00–0.21%] for active TB compared to 0.32% [0.05–1.18%] for LTBI; p = 0.0252; Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and tuberculosis.