However, we saw significantly lower levels of IFN-γ+IL-17+ dual-producing invariant (Vα7.2+CD161+) CD4+ T cells and also IL-17+IFN-γ− Th17 cells in active TB compared to LTBI, suggesting that in our Gambian population, IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells either alone or in combination with IFN-γ have either migrated to the lung or are not pathogenic in our setting. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and tuberculosis.