An improved understanding of the role of TDP-43 in the pathogenesis of HERV-K and HIV infection may hold benefit for either ALS or HAND, in addition to other TDP-43-associated disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (Davis et al., 2017) and prefrontal dementia (Lomen-Hoerth et al., 2003; Merrilees et al., 2010). Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.