PAK5 and renal cell carcinoma: Previous studies reported that PAK5 was an important regulator of cell migration, invasion and tumorigenicity.21, 22, 23, 24 To explore the molecular mechanism responsible for the function of miR-106a-5p in RCC and whether PAK5 was directly targeted by miR-106a-5p, TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/) was employed to verify its possibility and the results presented a 97 context ++ score percentile, which was further supported by miRDB (http://www.mirdb.org/) and miRTarBase (http://mirtarbase.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/).