CXCR3 and viral infectious disease: CXCL10 facilitates the recruitment of CXCR3-positive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells and activated T lymphocytes, to infected sites, which has an important role in initiating inflammatory responses against the invading microbial pathogens.41, 42 Moreover, several studies have shown that CXCL10 upregulation induces cell apoptosis in certain viral infectious diseases.