CXCL10 and viral infectious disease: CXCL10 expression can be upregulated by bacterial and parasitic infections.34, 35, 36 In particular, various viral infections, such as rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis virus and Ebola virus, induce CXCL10 expression.37, 38, 39, 40 These studies suggested that CXCL10 might be involved in the pathogenesis of different infectious diseases.