Herein, the combination of an archaeosome-based vaccine and checkpoint inhibitors directed against PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 had a clear synergistic effect, improving overall survival of B16-OVA-bearing mice being treated therapeutically, and shows a clear benefit for the use of therapeutic vaccines such as archaeosomes in modern cancer therapy regimes. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.