TP53 and carcinoma: The result showed that the frequency of p53 expression was notably higher in UC with dysplasia than in UC without dysplasia/carcinoma (OR = 10.76, 95% CI = 4.63–25.03, P < 0.001), including 297 UC patients with dysplasia and 335 UC patients without dysplasia and carcinoma (Fig. 3).