HSPA5 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Consistent with the data about esophageal cancer, medullary thyroid carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal clear cell carcinoma, astrocytoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma [35, 43–50], we found up-regulated GRP78 expression in gastric cancer, compared with gastric mucosa at both mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that GRP78 hyperexpression was positively linked to gastric carcinogenesis.