SMAD2 and neoplasm: Given the frequent activation of the PTEN/PI3K, Smad2/TGF-b and FoxO signaling pathways in PCa and their demonstrated tumor suppressor activity in clinical patients and mouse models, miR-486-5p-mediated regulation of these multiple pathways should play an important role in both PCa development and maintenance; hence, targeting these pathways has therapeutic value in treating PCa harboring miR-486-5p overexpression.