The cross-sectional performance of Pap smear and HR-HPV using a clinically validated test for cervical screening (GP5+/6+) [25], plus the potential use of HPV16/18 genotyping and DNA methylation markers to triage HR-HPV-positives, were evaluated based upon a gold standard of colposcopy and histologically proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN grade 3 or worse (CIN3+). The gene discussed is GP5; the disease is cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.