The number of studies related to the prognostic significance of T-lymphocytes is more sparse with regards to esophageal cancer, but the density of CD8+ and FoxP3+ TILs in tumors from 196 patients, all of whom had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, was found to be associated with a reduced cancer-specific survival [15]. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and esophageal cancer.