Indeed, although we still do not have data from human skeletal muscle biopsies, our preliminary experiments indicate that peripheral blood leucocytes from first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetics, with a very high risk of type 2 diabetes and known to be insulin-resistant [35], overexpress PREP1 gene by 3.5-fold compared to control individuals with no family history of diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene PKNOX1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.