In addition, since TGFβ has an inhibitory role in the regulation of IL-1α-mediated cross-talk between pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs [20] we also examined how IL-1α and TGFβ can modulate the level of HGF expressed by the PSCs and how this affects cancer cell DNA synthesis and migration. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.