Thus, while we have previously shown that IL-1α is abundantly present in the malignant cells in PDAC and regulates PSC production of various ECM components [30], and enhances the ability of PSCs to stimulate pancreatic cancer cells [20], the present results indicated that IL-1α also increased the HGF production in SC41 cells up to a level that permitted stimulation of BxPC-3 cell migration. Here, HGF is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.