Comparison of fluorescence p-Smad2 signal intensity between primary tumour (limited to the uterus) and metastatic cancer (other organs) from 50 (same patients, N = 33; age matched, N = 17) human patients revealed significant (P < 0.0001) increase in p-Smad2 protein expression at the metastatic sites (Figure 7C, Supplementary Table S5). Here, SMAD2 is linked to neoplasm.