TNF and lung adenocarcinoma: Although DON absorption was associated with the up-regulation of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA in the lungs, spleen and liver [28], inhibition of protein synthesis, and proliferation and survival rate reduction of the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line [29], DON affected IL-6 and IL-8 release by A549 cells, but not by the bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell line [30].