Indeed, depending on its subcellular distribution (nuclear, cytoplasmic, at the outer mitochondrial membrane) and its partners (transcription factors, chromatin-modifying enzymes, cytosolic proteins), cyclin D1 can regulate DNA damage response3,4, chromosome duplication and stability5,6, senescence7, mitochondrial function8,9 and migration10–12, all key biological processes for cancer initiation and maintenance. This evidence concerns the gene CCND1 and cancer.