Somewhat unexpectedly, the percentage of CD4− T cells producing GM-CSF after stimulation with the M. tuberculosis lysate was significantly increased in TB patients compared to HC subjects both for CD4− T cells that only produced GM-CSF (Fig. 5C, left) and for the total percentage of GM-CSF-producing CD4− T cells (Fig. 5C, right). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.